ROADMAP ENDNOTES
CPAL calculations based off of the 1-year American Community Survey estimates, averaged for 2015, 2016, and 2017.
Ibid
McLaughlin and Rank, 2018.
To arrive at 15%, we aggregated the combined effect of all benefit programs based on research produced by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Supplemental Poverty Measure for each year from 2015 to 2017. Learn more about the SPM and poverty reduction at: https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/supplemental-poverty-measure.html
Serena Lei. “The Unwaged War on Deep Poverty.” 2013. Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/features/unwaged-war-deep-poverty
Wilcox et al., 2018.
Estimates for each year actually represent averages derived from 1-year American Community Survey Estimates.
To calculate the potential impact, we calculated the ratio between the poverty rate between single parent households and married couple households. We then converted that ratio, 2.2, into a percentage that reflects the probability of reducing poverty simply by living in a two-parent household. PI = 1 - ( 1 / ( SP / MC ) )
Of cities with populations greater than 65,000, Dallas ranks 8th for the number of children living in single-parent households at approximately 329,367 according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, Tables S1701 and B17006 for the years 2012 through 2017.
Ibid.
Metzler, M., Merrick, M., Klevens, J., Ports, K., and Ford, D. 2017. Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: Shifting the narrative. Children and Youth Services Review (72): 141-149.
“Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is the term used to describe all types of abuse, neglect, and other potentially traumatic experiences that occur to people under the age of 18. Adverse Childhood Experiences have been linked to risky health behaviors, chronic health conditions, low life potential, and early death. As the number of ACEs increases, so does the risk for these outcomes.” https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/acestudy/aboutace.html
Halfon, N., Larson, K., Son, J., Lu, M., and Bethell, C. 2017. “Income Inequality and the Differential Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences in US Children.” Academic Pediatrics 17: 7S. https://www.academicpedsjnl.net/article/S1876-2859(16)30497-1/pdf
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2017.
Trostel, Lumina Foundation, 2015.
Ibid.
This figure is the total postsecondary awards recorded by institutions in Dallas County and provided by the National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/.
Institutions within Dallas County used in our analysis: Amberton University, Brookhaven College, Cedar Valley College, Criswell College, Dallas Baptist University, Dallas Christian College, Dallas Theological Seminary, Eastfield College, El Centro College, Mountain View College, North Lake College, Parker University, Paul Quinn College, Richland College, The Art Institute of Dallas, Southern Methodist University, The University of Texas at Dallas, University of Dallas, University of North Texas at Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Wade College.
To calculate this, we used the following approach, based off of this data. Poverty Rate, Degree: 4.4% | Poverty Rate, No Degree: 13.6% | Ratio of Poverty Rate, Degree/No Degree: 2.99 | Potential Impact = 1 - ( 1 / ( (13.6 / 100 ) / (4.4 / 100 ) )) | = 1 - ( 1 / ( 0.136 / 0.044 ) ) | = 1 - ( 1 / 2.99) |= 66.58%
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Table S1701 1-year Estimates for the years 2015, 2016, 2017.
Living Wage Calculator, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
47.4% of Dallas households have total incomes less than $49,999 each year according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2018 1-year American Community Survey estimates.
Our estimate for the citywide poverty rate is a 3-year average derived from 1-Year American Community Survey estimates, and our estimate for the average income of the lowest quintile was derived from income data provided by the US Census through a weighted average.
Housing in Dallas:
A Framework for Action
Reports, websites, etc. are directly linked with the author(s)’ name for your reference.
Opportunity Starts at Home, 2018.
Coley et al., 2013.
Habitat For Humanity, 2019.
Newman and Holupka, 2016.
Kneebone and Holmes, 2016.
Chetty et al., 2015.
Desmond and Tolbert Kimbro, 2015.
American Housing Survey, 2017.
Divringi et al., 2019.
Ross et al., 2016.
Children’s Health, 2019.
Ibid. The estimate of Dallas County child asthma costs is derived from the total number of children who had asthma in 2017 (57,977) multiplied by the CDC’s average annual cost of care for a person with asthma ($1,039).
Chiquillo, 2018.
Ibid.
Divringi et al., 2019.
Matthew et al., 2016.
American Community Survey, 2018.
Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, 2020. Data downloaded from ‘Excel Data’ - see tab W-21 for number of rental units by monthly contract rent (organized by U.S. metro area).
American Community Survey, 2018.
Ibid.
American Community Survey, 2018.
City of Dallas, 2019. The figure for percent of voucher households with children derives from DHA’s 2018 Annual Report.
Chetty et al., 2015.
$1.56 billion was derived by multiplying $302,000 by 5,160 (49% of the 10,531 Dallas households with housing choice vouchers have children).
City of Dallas, 2019.
Texas Education Agency, 2018.
The Eviction Lab, 2018.
Children’s HealthWatch, 2017. The annual avoidable education and health cost per family was calculated based on the estimate that there were 10.2 million children and their families that could have avoided preventable health conditions if living in stable housing in 2016. The avoidable health care and education costs were estimated to be $8 billion in 2016, for a per family cost of $784.31.
Schultheis and Rooney, 2019.
Ibid.
Desmond, 2016.
